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Structural lightweight Concrete
Light
Weight Concrete in General
Light Weigh Concrete can be defined as a
type of concrete which includes an expanding agent in that it increases the
volume of the mixture while giving additional qualities such as nailbility and
lessened the Dead Load, It is lighter than the normal weight concrete. The used
of light weight concrete has been widely spread across countries such as USA,
United Kingdom and Sweden.
Structural
Lightweight Concrete
Has an in-place density (unit weight) on the
order of 90 to 115 lb/cu.ft (1440 to 1840 kg/cu.m) compared to normal weight
concrete with the density in the range of 140 to 150 lb/cu.ft (2240 to 2400
kg/cu.m), For Structural applications the concrete strength should be greater
than 2500 psi (17.0 Mpa).
The Concrete mixture are made with
lightweight coarse aggregate such as
·
Rotary kiln Expanded Shale
· Clay or Slate materials
· Air-cooled blast furnace slag
· Pelletized or extruded fly ash
· Clay or Slate materials
· Air-cooled blast furnace slag
· Pelletized or extruded fly ash
The Primary use of structural light weight
concrete is to reduce dead load of the concrete structure which then allows the
structural designer to reduce the sizes of the columns, beams, footings and
other structural concrete element of the structure.
Based
on ACI-318R-08
Lightweight concrete has lower tensile
strength which can reduce shear strength, friction, and properties, splitting
resistance, bond between concrete and reinforcement and increase development
length compared with normal weight concrete with the same compressive strength.
Mixing
Criteria of Light weight Concrete
In General, procedures for mixing
lightweight structure concrete are similar to those weight concretes, but some
of the more absorption aggregates may require prewetting prior to addition of
other mix ingredients. Water added at the batching plant should be sufficient
to provide the specific slump at the building site; slump at the batching plant
will probably be appreciably higher.
Adequate Workability as indicated by the
concrete slump, is necessary in order to realize all the desired properties of
the hardened concrete.
Advantage
of Structural Lightweight Concrete
·
Provides more
strength-to-Weight ratio in Structural element
·
Provides a high fire-rated
Concrete Structure
·
Provides higher R-values of
wall elements for improved insulation properties that help energy conservation
·
The Porosity of lightweight
aggregate provides source of water for internal curing of the concrete that
provides continued enhancement of concrete strength and durability
·
Rapid and relatively simple
construction
·
Economical in terms of transportation
as well as reduction of Manpower
Disadvantage
of Structural Light Weight Concrete
·
Very sensitive with very
water content in the mixtures
·
Mixing time is longer than
conventional concrete to assure proper mixing
Compressive
Strength of Lightweight Concrete
Lightweight Aggregate particle strength
varies with the type and source of aggregate and there is no reliable
correlation between aggregates and have strength ceilings, that is the maximum
strength attainable with a reasonable quantity of cement. The compressive
strength of light weight aggregate concrete is usually related to the cement
content at a given slump, rather than the to the water-cement ratio,
Some approximate relationships between
average strength and cement content
approximate relationships between average
strength and cement content and Average strength for concretes with 3 to 4-inch slump and 50 to 7 percent air
|
||
Compressive strength, psi
|
Cement content, pounds per cubic yard
|
|
All lightweight
|
Sanded lightweight
|
|
2500
|
400-510
|
400-510
|
3000
|
440-560
|
420-560
|
4000
|
530-660
|
490-660
|
5000
|
630-750
|
600-750
|
6000
|
740-840
|
700-840
|
Based
on data from ACI 213R-79
|
||
Structural lightweight Concrete has been
used for Bridge decks, piers and beams, slab and wall elements in steel and
concrete frame buildings, Parking structures, tilt-up walls, topping slabs and
composite slab on metal deck
List of Sample Projects that made of light
weight concrete
·
Chateau on the Lake,
Branson, MO.
·
First National Bank, Omaha,
NE
·
Tabor Center, Denver CO.
·
Alameda Towers, Kansas
City, MO
·
Kansas City International
Airport City, MO
·
Heart of America Bridge
Kansas City MO.
·
Metropolitan Square St.
Louis, MO.
